Filter capacitors, inductors-mode-ka caadiga ah, iyo kuul magnetka ah ayaa ah tirooyinka caadiga ah ee wareegyada naqshadeynta EMC, iyo sidoo kale saddex qalab oo awood leh si loo baabi'iyo faragelinta korantada.
Doorka saddexdan ee wareegga wareegga, waxaan aaminsanahay inay jiraan injineero badan oo aan fahmin, maqaalka ka soo naqshadeynta falanqaynta faahfaahsan ee mabda'a baabi'inta saddexda EMC ee ugu fiiqan.
1.Filter capacitor
Inkasta oo resonance of capacitor waa mid aan loo baahnayn marka laga eego aragtida aragtida shaandhaynta soo noqnoqda sare ee buuqa, resonance capacitor ma aha had iyo jeer waxyeello.
Marka inta jeer ee dhawaaqa la sifeynayo la go'aamiyo, awoodda capacitor-ka waa la hagaajin karaa si barta resonant kaliya ay ugu dhacdo inta jeer ee qaska.
Injineernimada wax ku oolka ah, inta jeer ee dhawaaqa elektromagnetic-ga ee la sifeynayo inta badan waa mid ka badan boqollaal MHz, ama xitaa in ka badan 1GHz. Dhawaqa korantada ee inta jeer ee sarreeya, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo capacitor-ka dhex-dhexaadka ah si loo sifeeyo si wax ku ool ah.
Sababta capacitors caadiga ah aysan si wax ku ool ah u shaandheyn karin buuqa soo noqnoqda waa laba sababood:
(1) Mid ka mid ah sababtu waa in inductance ee rasaasta capacitor-ku ay keento resonance capacitor, taas oo soo bandhigaysa caqabad weyn oo ku wajahan calaamadda soo noqnoqda sare, oo daciifisa saameynta dhaafitaanka calaamadda sare ee soo noqnoqda;
(2) Sabab kale ayaa ah in awoodda dulin ee u dhaxaysa fiilooyinka isku xira calaamadda soo noqnoqda sare, yaraynta saamaynta shaandhaynta.
Sababta uu capacitor-ku-dhex-dhexaadku si wax ku ool ah u shaandheyn karo buuqa soo noqnoqonaya waa in kapacitor-ku-dhex-dhexaadku aanu kaliya haysan dhibaatada in inductance-ka rasaasta uu keeno soo noqnoqda resonance capacitor aad u hooseeya.
Iyo capacitor-ka dhex-dhexaadka ah ayaa si toos ah loogu dhejin karaa guddiga birta, iyadoo la adeegsanayo birta birta si ay u ciyaaraan doorka go'doominta-sare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la isticmaalayo capacitor dhex-core, dhibaatada in ay fiiro gaar ah waa dhibaatada rakibaadda.
Daciifnimada ugu weyn ee capacitor-ka-core waa cabsida heerkulka sare iyo saamaynta heerkulka, taas oo keenta dhibaatooyin weyn marka alxanka capacitor dhex-core guddi birta ah.
Capacitors badan ayaa dhaawacma inta lagu jiro alxanka. Gaar ahaan marka tiro badan oo ah capacitors-core ah loo baahan yahay in lagu rakibo guddiga, haddii uu jiro dhaawac, way adagtahay in la hagaajiyo, sababtoo ah marka la saaro capacitor-ka dhaawacan, waxay waxyeelo u geysaneysaa capacitors kale ee u dhow.
2.Inductance habka caadiga ah
Maadaama dhibaatooyinka EMC ay wajahaan inta badan faragelinta qaabka caadiga ah, inductor-ka caadiga ah sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha awoodda badan ee la isticmaalo.
Inductor-ka caadiga ah waa aalad faragalin caadi ah oo leh ferrite oo ah xudunta u ah, kaas oo ka kooban laba gariirood oo isku mid ah iyo tiro isku mid ah oo leexasho simmetrical ah u dhaawacan isla giraanta magnetic ferrite si ay u sameeyaan aalad afar-terminal ah, kaas oo leh saameyn weyn oo xakamaynta inductance ee calaamadda habka caadiga ah, iyo calaamad yar oo dareere ah oo loogu talagalay habka kala duwan.
Mabda'a ayaa ah in marka habka caadiga ah ee hadda socda, qulqulka magnetic ee giraanta magnetka ayaa midba midka kale kor u qaadaa, sidaas darteed inductance weyn, taas oo joojinaysa habka caadiga ah ee hadda jira, iyo marka labada gariiradu ay ku dhex socdaan habka kala duwan ee hadda, qulqulka magnetic ee giraanta magnetka ayaa midba midka kale baabi'iyaa, oo waxaa jira ku dhawaad ma jiro inductance, sidaas awgeed habka kala duwanaanshaha hadda wuxuu gudbi karaa iyada oo aan la helin.
Sidaa darteed, inductor-ka caadiga ah wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u xakameyn karaa calaamadda faragelinta habka caadiga ah ee xariiqda dheellitiran, laakiin wax saameyn ah kuma laha gudbinta caadiga ah ee calaamadda qaabka kala duwan.
Inductors-ka caadiga ah waa inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha soo socda marka la soo saarayo:
(1) Fiilada ku dhaawacan xudunta gariiradda waa in la dahaadhay si loo hubiyo in aanay jirin kala googo'a wareegga gaaban ee u dhexeeya leexinta gariiradda hoos timaadda fal-dambiyeedka degdegga ah;
(2) Marka gariiraddu ku dhex socoto qulqulka weyn ee degdegga ah, xudunta birlabku waa in aan la buuxin;
(3) Xuddunta birlabeedka ee gariiradda waa in laga dahaajiyaa gariiradda si looga hortago burburka u dhexeeya labadooda oo hoos yimaada ficilka korontad degdeg ah;
(4) Gariiradda waa in lagu dhaawacaa hal lakab intii suurtogal ah, si loo yareeyo awoodda dulin ee gariiradda oo kor loogu qaado awoodda gariiradda si ay u gudbiso koronto ku meel gaar ah.
Xaaladaha caadiga ah, iyadoo fiiro gaar ah u leh doorashada ee band soo noqnoqda loo baahan yahay si ay u shaandheyn, weyn impedance caadiga ah-mode, ka wanaagsan, sidaas darteed waxaan u baahannahay in aan eegno xogta qalabka marka la dooranayo inductor-mode caadiga ah, inta badan sida ku xusan qalooca soo noqnoqda impedance.
Intaa waxaa dheer, marka aad dooranayso, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo saamaynta impedance mode ka duwan on signal, inta badan diiradda saaraya impedance mode ka duwan, gaar ahaan fiiro gaar ah in dekedaha xawaaraha sare leh.
3.Magnetic kuul
Nidaamka naqshadeynta wareegga wareegga EMC ee badeecada, waxaan inta badan isticmaalnaa kuul magnetic, walxaha ferrite waa birta-magnesium alloy ama birta-nickel alloy, maaddadani waxay leedahay awood magnetic sare leh, wuxuu noqon karaa inductor inta u dhaxaysa dabaysha gariiradda marka la eego soo noqnoqoshada sare iyo iska caabbinta sare ee ugu yar.
Maaddooyinka Ferrite waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa xawli sare, sababtoo ah inta jeer ee hooseeya sifooyinkooda inductance ayaa ka dhigaya khasaaraha khadka mid aad u yar. Inta jeer ee sare, waxay inta badan yihiin saamiga falcelinta sifada waxayna ku beddelaan soo noqnoqoshada. Codsiyada wax ku oolka ah, walxaha ferrite waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii attenuators soo noqnoqda sare ee wareegyada soo noqnoqda raadiyaha.
Dhab ahaantii, ferrite waxay u dhigantaa isbarbardhigga iska caabinta iyo inductance, caabbinta waa mid gaaban oo wareeg ah by inductor ee soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya, iyo impedance inductor wuxuu noqdaa mid aad u sarreeya inta jeer ee sarreeya, si markaa hadda oo dhan ay u gudbaan iska caabinta.
Ferrite waa qalab wax-cunaya kaas oo tamarta-soo noqnoqda sare loo beddelo tamarta kulaylka, taas oo lagu go'aamiyo sifooyinkeeda caabbinta korantada. Kuul birlabeedka Ferrite waxay leeyihiin sifooyin shaandhayn heersare ah oo ka wanaagsan inductors-ka caadiga ah.
Ferrite waa iska caabin ah oo ku saabsan soo noqnoqoshada sare, oo u dhiganta inductor leh arrin tayadoodu aad u hooseyso, sidaas darteed waxay sii wadi kartaa xannibaad sare oo kala duwan oo soo noqnoqda, taas oo kor u qaadeysa waxtarka shaandhaynta soo noqnoqda sare.
Xadka soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya, xannibaaduhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay inductance. Inta jeer ee hooseeya, R waa mid aad u yar, iyo qulqulka magnetic ee xudunta ayaa sarreeya, sidaas darteed inductance waa weyn tahay. L ayaa door weyn ka ciyaara, faragelinta korantada waxaa lagu xakameynayaa milicsiga. Oo wakhtigan, luminta xudunta magnetic waa yar yahay, qalab oo dhan waa khasaaro hoose, sifooyinka Q sare ee inductor ah, inductor tani waa ay fududahay in la keeno resonance, sidaas darteed in band soo noqnoqda hoose, mararka qaarkood waxaa laga yaabaa in la wanaajiyey faragelinta ka dib markii isticmaalka ferrite kuul magnetic.
In band soo noqnoqda sare, impedance ka kooban yahay qaybaha iska caabin ah. Marka uu soo noqnoqoshada kordho, qulqulka xudunta magnetic waa hoos u dhacdaa, taasoo keentay hoos u dhaca inductance ee inductor iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada qaybta falcelinta inductive.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigan, luminta xudunta magnetic waa kor u kacdaa, qaybta iska caabbinta ayaa kordheysa, taas oo keenta kororka wadarta guud ee xannibaadda, iyo marka calaamadda sare ee soo noqnoqota ay dhex marto ferrite, faragelinta elektromagnetic waa la nuugo oo loo beddelaa qaabka kuleylka kuleylka.
Qaybaha xakamaynta Ferrite ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa looxyada wareegyada daabacan, xadhkaha korantada iyo khadadka xogta. Tusaale ahaan, cunsur xakamaynta ferrite ayaa lagu daraa meesha laga soo galo ee xadhkaha korantada ee looxa daabacan si loo shaandheeyo faragelinta soo noqnoqota.
Ferrite giraanta magnetic ama kuul birlabeedka ayaa si gaar ah loo isticmaalaa si loo xakameeyo faragelinta soo noqnoqota sare iyo faragelinta ugu sarreysa ee xadhkaha signalada iyo xadhkaha korantada, waxayna sidoo kale awood u leedahay inay nuugo faragelinta garaaca wadnaha ee elektrostatic. Isticmaalka kuul magnetic chip ama chip inductors inta badan waxay kuxirantahay codsiga dhabta ah.
Chip inductors waxaa loo isticmaalaa wareegyada resonant. Marka dhawaaqa EMI ee aan loo baahnayn loo baahan yahay in la baabi'iyo, isticmaalka chip magnetic beads ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican.
Codsiga kuul magnetic iyo chip inductors
Chip inductors:Inta jeer ee raadiyaha (RF) iyo isgaarsiinta wireless, qalabka teknoolajiyada macluumaadka, radar detectors, baabuurta elektaroonigga ah, telefoonada gacanta, pagers, qalabka maqalka, caawiyayaasha dhijitaalka ah ee shakhsi ahaaneed (PDAs), nidaamyada kontoroolka fogaanta ee wireless, iyo modules koronto yar.
Kuul birlab ah:Wareegyada soo saara saacada, kala shaandheynta u dhaxaysa wareegyada analooga iyo dhijitaalka ah, I/O gelinta / soo saarida isku xidhayaasha gudaha (sida dekedaha taxanaha ah, dekedaha barbar socda, kiiboodhka, jiirarka, isgaarsiinta fogfog, shabakadaha maxalliga ah), wareegyada RF iyo aaladaha macquulka ah ee u nugul faragelinta, shaandhaynta soo noqnoqoshada-sare ee faragelinta lagu sameeyo wareegyada korantada, madbacadaha fiidiyoowga ah, VCRS xakamaynta nidaamka telefishinka iyo talefannada gacanta.
Unugga birta birlabku waa ohms, sababtoo ah unugga birlabku waa magac-u-yaal iyadoo la raacayo xannibaadda ay soo saarto inta jeer ee go'an, unugga impedance sidoo kale waa ohms.
DATASHEET kuul birlabeedka guud ahaan waxa uu bixin doonaa inta jeer ee iyo sifooyinka qalooca, guud ahaan 100MHz sida caadiga ah, tusaale ahaan, marka inta jeer ee 100MHz marka impedance ee kuul magnetic u dhiganta 1000 ohms.
Inta jeer ee aan rabno inaan shaandheyno, waxaan u baahannahay inaan dooranno xannibaadda weyn ee birta magnetic, si ka wanaagsan, badanaaba dooro 600 ohm impedance ama ka badan.
Intaa waxaa dheer, marka la dooranayo kuul magnetic, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in fiiro gaar ah u leh qulqulka kuul magnetic, taas oo guud ahaan u baahan in la baabi'iyo by 80%, iyo saamaynta impedance DC ee hoos u dhaca danab waa in la tixgeliyaa marka loo isticmaalo wareegyada korantada.
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-24-2023
