Xakamaynta jajabka fasalka
Chip-ka kantaroolka ayaa inta badan loola jeedaa MCU (Microcontroller Unit), taas oo ah, microcontroller, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan chip-ka-kaliya, waa in la dhimo inta jeer ee CPU iyo qeexitaannada ku habboon, iyo xusuusta, saacadda, beddelka A/D, saacadda, I /O port iyo isgaarsiinta taxane ah iyo modules kale functional iyo interfaces isku dhafan on hal chip.Xaqiijinta shaqada xakamaynta terminaalka, waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka waxqabadka sare, isticmaalka tamarta hooseeya, barnaamijka iyo dabacsanaanta sare.
Jaantuska MCU ee heerka cabbirka gaadhiga
Automotive waa aag codsi oo aad muhiim u ah MCU, marka loo eego xogta IC Insights, sanadka 2019, codsiga caalamiga ah ee MCU ee aaladaha elektiroonigga ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay 33%.Tirada MCUS ee uu isticmaalo baabuur kasta oo ah noocyada ugu sarreeya waxay ku dhow yihiin 100, laga bilaabo kombuyuutarrada wadista, qalabka LCD, matoorada, chassis, qaybaha yaryar iyo kuwa yaryar ee baabuurka waxay u baahan yihiin xakamaynta MCU.
Maalmihii hore, 8-bit iyo 16-bit MCUS ayaa inta badan lagu isticmaali jiray baabuurta, laakiin iyada oo la sii wanaajinayo elektaroonigga baabuurta iyo sirdoonka, tirada iyo tayada MCUS ee loo baahan yahay ayaa sidoo kale sii kordhaya.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, saamiga 32-bit MCUS ee baabuurta MCUS wuxuu gaaray ilaa 60%, kaas oo ARM's Cortex kernel, oo ay ugu wacan tahay qiimahiisa jaban iyo kantaroolka awooda wanaagsan, waa doorashada guud ee soosaarayaasha baabuurta ee MCU.
Halbeegyada ugu muhiimsan ee baabuurta MCU waxaa ka mid ah danab shaqeynaya, inta jeer ee shaqeynta, awoodda Flash iyo RAM, moduleka saacada iyo lambarka kanaalka, moduleka ADC iyo lambarka kanaalka, nooca isgaarsiinta xiriirinta iyo lambarka, gelitaanka iyo soo saarista lambarka dekedda I / O, heerkulka hawlgalka, xirmo qaabka iyo heerka badbaadada shaqada.
Waxaa loo qaybiyaa bits CPU, baabuurta MCUS waxaa inta badan loo qaybin karaa 8 bits, 16 bits iyo 32 bits.Dib u cusboonaysiinta nidaamka, qiimaha 32-bit MCUS wuu sii socdaa, wuxuuna hadda noqday kan caadiga ah, wuxuuna si tartiib tartiib ah u beddelayaa codsiyada iyo suuqyada ay gacanta ku haysay 8/16-bit MCUS waagii hore.
Haddii loo qaybiyo iyadoo loo eegayo goobta codsiga, MCU-ga baabuurta waxa loo qaybin karaa qaybta jidhka, qaybta awooda, qaybta chassis-ka, domain-ka cockpit iyo qaybta wadista caqliga leh.Goobta qolka-cockpit-ka ah iyo qaybta wadista caqliga leh, MCU waxay u baahan tahay inay yeelato awood xisaabeed sare iyo isgaadhsiin dibadeed oo xawaare sare leh, sida CAN FD iyo Ethernet.Qaybta jidhku waxa kale oo ay u baahan tahay tiro badan oo isgaadhsiin dibadeed ah, laakiin shuruudaha awoodda xisaabinta ee MCU ayaa aad u hooseeya, halka qaybta korantada iyo qaybta chassis ay u baahan yihiin heerkul hawlgal oo sarreeya iyo heerarka badbaadada shaqada.
Chip control domain chassis
Qaybta Chassis waxay la xiriirtaa wadista baabuurka waxayna ka kooban tahay habka gudbinta, habka wadista, habka isteerinka iyo habka biriiga.Waxay ka kooban tahay shan hab-hoosaadyo, oo kala ah isteerinka, biriiga, beddelka, ceejinta iyo nidaamka joojinta.Horumarinta sirdoonka baabuurta, aqoonsiga garashada, qorshaynta go'aanka iyo fulinta xakamaynta baabuurta caqliga waa nidaamyada asaasiga ah ee domain chassis.Isteeering-by-fire iyo wadi-by-silig waa qaybaha xudunta u ah dhamaadka fulinta ee wadista tooska ah.
(1) Shuruudaha shaqada
Qaybta chassis ECU waxay isticmaashaa wax qabad sare, madal badbaado oo shaqaynaysa oo la miisaami karo oo waxay taageertaa ururinta dareemayaasha iyo dareemayaasha dhidibada badan leh.Iyada oo ku saleysan muuqaalkan codsiga, shuruudaha soo socda ayaa loo soo jeediyay goobta chassis ee MCU:
Soo noqnoqoshada sare iyo shuruudaha kombuyuutarada sare, inta jeer ee ugu weyni kama yaraan 200Mhz awoodda xisaabintana kama yarayn 300DMIPS
Meesha kaydinta Flash aan ka yarayn 2MB, oo leh koodhka Flash iyo qaybta Flash xogta;
RAM aan ka yarayn 512KB;
Shuruudaha heerka badbaadada shaqada ee sare, waxay gaari kartaa heerka ASIL-D;
Taageerida 12-bit ee saxda ah ADC;
· Taageer 32-bit sax ah oo sarreeya, saacad-kormeereedka sare;
Taageerida kanaalka badan ee CAN-FD;
· Taageer aan ka yarayn 100M Ethernet;
Kalsoonida aan ka hooseynin AEC-Q100 Fasalka1;
Taageerida cusboonaysiinta khadka tooska ah (OTA);
· Taageer shaqada xaqiijinta firmware (algorithm sirta qaranka);
(2) Shuruudaha waxqabadka
Qaybta kernel:
I. Inta jeer ee xudunta ah: taas oo ah, inta jeer ee saacada marka uu kernel shaqaynayo, taas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu matalo xawaaraha kernel pulse signal oscillation, iyo inta jeer ee ugu muhiimsan si toos ah uma matali karto xawaaraha xisaabinta kernel-ka.Xawaaraha hawlgalka Kernel waxa kale oo uu la xidhiidha dhuumaha kernel-ka, kaydka, hab-raaca tilmaamaha, iwm.
II.Awoodda xisaabinta: DMIPS inta badan waxa loo isticmaali karaa qiimaynta.DMIPS waa unug cabbira waxqabadka qaraabada ah ee barnaamijka bar-bardhigga isku dhafan ee MCU marka la tijaabiyo.
Qiyaasta xusuusta:
I. Xusuusta code: xusuusta loo isticmaalo kaydinta koodka;
II.Xusuusta xogta: xusuusta loo isticmaalo in lagu kaydiyo xogta;
III.RAM: Xusuusta loo isticmaalo in lagu kaydiyo xogta ku meel gaadhka ah iyo koodhka.
Baska isgaarsiinta: oo ay ku jiraan bas gaar ah oo baabuurka iyo baska isgaarsiinta caadiga ah;
Gawaarida saxda ah ee saxda ah;
Heerkulka shaqada;
(3) Habka warshadaha
Maaddaama qaab-dhismeedka korantada iyo korantada ee ay adeegsadaan baabuur-sameeyayaal kala duwan ay u kala duwanaan doonaan, shuruudaha ka kooban qaybta qaybta chassis way kala duwanaan doontaa.Sababtoo ah qaabeynta kala duwan ee moodooyinka kala duwan ee warshad baabuur isku mid ah, xulashada ECU ee aagga chassis way ka duwanaan doontaa.Kala soocidaani waxay keeni doontaa shuruudo kala duwan oo MCU ah oo loogu talagalay domain chassis.Tusaale ahaan, Honda Accord waxay isticmaashaa saddex chips-chassis domain MCU chips, iyo Audi Q7 waxay isticmaashaa ilaa 11 chips domain chassis MCU.Sannadka 2021, soo saarista baabuurta rakaabka ah ee summada Shiinaha waxay ku dhowdahay 10 milyan, kuwaas oo celceliska baahida loo qabo qaybta chassis-ka baaskiilka ee MCUS ay tahay 5, guud ahaan suuqana waxa uu gaadhay ilaa 50 milyan.Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu waaweyn ee MCUS inta lagu guda jiro qeybta chassis waa Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, TI iyo ST.Shantan iibiyaasha semiconductor-ka caalamiga ah waxay ku xisaabtamayaan in ka badan 99% suuqa qaybta chassis MCUS.
(4) Caqabadaha warshadaha
Marka laga eego dhinaca farsamada ee muhiimka ah, qaybaha qaybta qashin-qubka sida EPS, EPB, ESC waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan badbaadada nolosha darawalka, markaa heerka badbaadada shaqeynta ee goobta chassis-ka MCU waa mid aad u sarreeya, asal ahaan ASIL-D shuruudaha heerka.Heerkan badbaadada shaqada ee MCU waa ka bannaan Shiinaha.Marka lagu daro heerka badbaadada shaqada, xaaladaha codsiga ee qaybaha chassis waxay leeyihiin shuruudo aad u sarreeya oo loogu talagalay soo noqnoqoshada MCU, awoodda xisaabinta, awoodda xusuusta, waxqabadka durugsan, saxnaanta durugsan iyo dhinacyo kale.Goobta Chassis ee MCU waxay samaysay caqabad warshadeed oo aad u saraysa, kaas oo u baahan soosaarayaasha gudaha ee MCU si ay u loolamaan oo u jabaan.
Marka la eego silsiladda sahayda, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay shuruudaha soo noqnoqoshada sare iyo awoodda xisaabinta sare ee qalabka xakamaynta ee qaybaha domain chassis, shuruudo aad u sarreeya ayaa loo soo bandhigay habka iyo habka wax soo saarka wafer.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxay u muuqataa in ugu yaraan habka 55nm loo baahan yahay si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha soo noqnoqda ee MCU ee ka sarreeya 200MHz.Marka la eego, khadka wax-soo-saarka gudaha ee MCU ma dhameystirna mana gaarin heerkii wax soo saarka ballaaran.Soosaarayaasha semiconductor-ka caalamiga ah ayaa asal ahaan qaatay qaabka IDM, marka la eego aasaaska wafer, hadda kaliya TSMC, UMC iyo GF ayaa leh awoodaha u dhigma.Soosaarayaasha chips-gu waa dhammaan shirkadaha Fabless, waxaana jira caqabado iyo khataro gaar ah oo ku jira soo saarista waferka iyo hubinta awoodda.
Xaaladaha xisaabinta asaasiga ah sida wadista iskeed u madax bannaan, cpus-dhaqameedka ujeeddooyinka guud way adag tahay in lala qabsado shuruudaha xisaabinta AI sababtoo ah waxtarkooda xisaabeed ee hooseeya, iyo chips AI sida Gpus, FPgas iyo ASics waxay leeyihiin waxqabad aad u fiican cidhifka iyo daruuraha iyaga oo leh sifooyinka oo si weyn loo isticmaalo.Marka loo eego isbeddellada tignoolajiyada, GPU wali wuxuu ahaan doonaa jilibka AI ee ugu sarreeya muddada gaaban, iyo mustaqbalka fog, ASIC waa jihada ugu dambeysa.Marka loo eego isbeddellada suuqa, baahida caalamiga ah ee chips AI waxay sii wadi doontaa koboca kobaca degdega ah, iyo chips-yada daruuraha iyo geesaha ayaa leh awood kobac weyn, heerka kobaca suuqa ayaa la filayaa inuu ku dhawaado 50% shanta sano ee soo socota.In kasta oo aasaaska tignoolajiyada chip-gu ay daciif tahay, iyadoo deg deg ah codsiyada AI, mugga degdegga ah ee baahida chip AI waxay abuurtaa fursado tignoolajiyada iyo kobaca awoodda shirkadaha chip-ka maxalliga ah.Wadista iskeed u madaxbannaan waxay leedahay shuruudo adag oo ku saabsan awoodda xisaabinta, daahitaanka iyo isku halaynta.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, GPU+ FPGA xalalka ayaa inta badan la isticmaalaa.Iyada oo xasiloonida algorithms iyo xogta ay wado, ASics ayaa la filayaa inay helaan meel suuqa ah.
Meel badan ayaa looga baahan yahay chip-ka CPU ee saadaasha laanta iyo hagaajinta, iyadoo la badbaadinayo gobollo kala duwan si loo yareeyo daahitaanka shaqada beddelka.Tani waxay sidoo kale ka dhigaysaa mid ku habboon xakamaynta macquulka ah, hawlgallada taxanaha ah iyo hawlgalka xogta nooca guud.Tusaale ahaan u soo qaado GPU iyo CPU, marka la barbardhigo CPU, GPU waxay isticmaashaa tiro badan oo unug xisaabeed ah iyo dhuumo dheer, kaliya caqli-gal aad u fudud oo xakameynaya oo tirtira Cache-ga.CPU-gu kaliya kuma koobna meelo badan oo Cache ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxa ay leedahay caqli-gal adag oo kontorool ah iyo wareegyo badan oo hagaajin ah, marka la barbar dhigo awoodda xisaabinta waa qayb yar oo keliya.
Chip control domain power
Xakamaynta domainka korantadu waa unug maarayn tareen xoog leh oo caqli leh.Iyada oo la adeegsanayo CAN/FLEXRAY si loo gaaro maaraynta gudbinta, maaraynta batteriga, la socodka nidaamka beddelka, oo inta badan loo isticmaalo hagaajinta tamarta iyo xakamaynta, halka labadaba cilladda garaadka korantada la ogaado badbaadinta korantada caqliga, isgaarsiinta baska iyo hawlo kale.
(1) Shuruudaha shaqada
Kantaroolka aagga korantada ee MCU wuxuu taageeri karaa codsiyada waaweyn ee awooda, sida BMS, oo leh shuruudaha soo socda:
Soo noqnoqoshada ugu weyn ee ugu badan, inta jeer ee ugu weyn 600MHz ~ 800MHz
RAM 4MB
Shuruudaha heerka badbaadada shaqada ee sare, waxay gaari kartaa heerka ASIL-D;
Taageerida kanaalka badan ee CAN-FD;
· Taageer 2G Ethernet;
Kalsoonida aan ka hooseynin AEC-Q100 Fasalka1;
· Taageer shaqada xaqiijinta firmware (algorithm sirta qaranka);
(2) Shuruudaha waxqabadka
Waxqabadka sare: Alaabta ayaa midaysa ARM Cortex R5 dual-core quful-tallaabo CPU iyo 4MB on-chip SRAM si ay u taageerto kororka awoodda xisaabinta iyo shuruudaha xusuusta ee codsiyada baabuurta.ARM Cortex-R5F CPU ilaa 800MHz.Badbaadada sare: Halbeegga isku halaynta gaadhiga ee AEC-Q100 waxa uu gaadhay darajada 1, iyo ISO26262 heerka badbaadada shaqada waxa uu gaadhay ASIL D. Talabada qufulka laba-geesoodka ah ee CPU waxa ay gaadhi kartaa ilaa 99% caymiska ogaanshaha.Qaybta amniga macluumaadka ee ku dhex dhisan waxa ay midaysaa soo-saare nambarka random-ka dhabta ah, AES, RSA, ECC, SHA, iyo qalabeeyayaasha kuwaas oo u hogaansama heerarka khuseeya amniga Gobolka iyo ganacsiga.Isku dhafka hawlahan amniga macluumaadka ayaa dabooli kara baahiyaha codsiyada sida bilaabista aaminka ah, isgaarsiin sugan, cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka sugan iyo cusboonaysiinta.
Qalabka xakamaynta aagga jidhka
Meesha jirka ayaa inta badan mas'uul ka ah xakameynta hawlaha kala duwan ee jirka.Iyadoo horumarinta gaariga, koontaroolaha aagga jirka ayaa sidoo kale aad u badan, si loo yareeyo kharashka xakamaynta, la yareeyo miisaanka gaariga, isdhexgalka ayaa u baahan in la dhigo dhammaan qalabka shaqeynaya, laga bilaabo qaybta hore, dhexe. qayb ka mid ah baabuurka iyo qaybta danbe ee baabuurka, sida nalka dambe ee biriiga, nalka booska danbe, qufulka albaabka danbe, iyo xataa ul joogsiga labanlaab midaysan dhexgalka guud ee kontoroolka.
Kormeeraha aagga jirka guud ahaan wuxuu isku daraa BCM, PEPS, TPMS, Gateway iyo hawlo kale, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ballaarin kartaa hagaajinta kursiga, kontoroolka muraayadda gadaal, kontoroolka qaboojiyaha iyo hawlaha kale, maaraynta dhamaystiran oo midaysan ee hawlwadeen kasta, qoondayn macquul ah oo wax ku ool ah ee ilaha nidaamka .Hawlaha kormeeraha aagga jirku waa badan yihiin, sida hoos ku cad, laakiin kuma koobna kuwa halkan ku qoran.
(1) Shuruudaha shaqada
Baahida ugu weyn ee qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee loogu talagalay chips-ka kontoroolka MCU waa xasillooni ka wanaagsan, isku halaynta, amniga, waqtiga-dhabta ah iyo sifooyinka kale ee farsamada, iyo sidoo kale waxqabadka xisaabinta sare iyo awoodda kaydinta, iyo shuruudaha tusmada isticmaalka tamarta hoose.Xakamaynta aagga jidhka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah uga gudubtay hawlgelinta shaqeynta ee baahsanaanta ilaa koontaroole weyn oo isku dhafan dhammaan darawallada aasaasiga ah ee qalabka elektaroonigga ah, hawlaha muhiimka ah, nalalka, albaabada, Windows, iwm Kontoroolka albaabbada albaabbada, Daaqadaha iyo kontaroolada kale, PEPS furayaasha caqliga leh, maamulka awoodda, iwm. Iyo sidoo kale albaabka CAN, CANFD iyo FLEXRAY, shabakadda LIN, interface Ethernet iyo horumarinta moduleka iyo farsamada naqshadeynta.
Guud ahaan, shuruudaha shaqada ee hawlaha xakamaynta ee kor ku xusan ee MCU-ga ugu weyn ee kantaroolka ee aagga jirka ayaa inta badan ka muuqda dhinacyada xisaabinta iyo waxqabadka, isdhexgalka shaqada, isdhexgalka isgaarsiinta, iyo isku halaynta.Marka la eego shuruudaha gaarka ah, ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha functional ee xaaladaha kala duwan codsiga functional ee aagga jidhka, sida awoodda Windows, kuraasta si toos ah, tailgate korontada iyo codsiyada kale ee jidhka, weli waxaa jira wax ku ool ah oolnimada sare baahida xakamaynta motor, codsiyada jidhka sida u baahan MCU si loo mideeyo FOC algorithm kantaroolka elektiroonigga ah iyo hawlaha kale.Intaa waxaa dheer, xaaladaha codsiyada kala duwan ee aagga jirka waxay leeyihiin shuruudo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay qaabeynta interface ee chip.Sidaa darteed, inta badan waa lagama maarmaan in la doorto aagga jirka ee MCU iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha shaqada iyo waxqabadka ee xaaladda codsiga gaarka ah, iyo saldhiggan, si buuxda u cabbir waxqabadka qiimaha alaabta, awoodda sahayda iyo adeegga farsamada iyo arrimo kale.
(2) Shuruudaha waxqabadka
Tilmaamayaasha tixraaca ee ugu muhiimsan ee xakamaynta aagga jirka ee chip MCU waa sida soo socota:
Waxqabadka: ARM Cortex-M4F@144MHz, 180DMIPS, ku dhex-dhismay 8KB tilmaamaha kaydinta, taageer barnaamijka fulinta unugga dardargelinta 0 sug.
Awoodda weyn ee qarsoon ee xusuusta: ilaa 512K Bytes eFlash, taageerada kaydinta sirta ah, maaraynta qaybinta iyo ilaalinta xogta, taageerada xaqiijinta ECC, 100,000 wakhtiyada tirtirka, 10 sano oo xog hayn ah;144K Bytes SRAM, taageeraya sinnaanta hardware.
Isku-xidhka isgaadhsiinta hodanka ah ee isku dhafan: Taageerida kanaalka badan ee GPIO, USART, UART, SPI, QSPI, I2C, SDIO, USB2.0, CAN 2.0B, Emac, DVP iyo is-dhexgalyo kale.
Simulator wax qabad sare oo isku-dhafan: Taageer 12bit 5Msps xawaaraha sare ee ADC, tareen-ilaa-tareen cod-weyneeye hawleedka madax-bannaan, barbardhiga xawaaraha sare ee analoogga, 12bit 1Msps DAC;Taageer gelinta dibadda madax-bannaan isha danab tixraaca, multi-channel furaha taabashada capacitive;Xawaaraha sare DMA kantaroole.
Taageer gudaha RC ama saacada crystal dibadda, dib u dejinta isku halaynta sare.
Qalab lagu dhisay saacada-waqtiga dhabta ah ee RTC, taageerada sanadka boodboodka ee joogtada ah, dhacdooyinka qaylo-dhaanta, soo jeedka xilliyeedka ah.
Taageer miiska waqtiga saxda ah ee saxda ah.
Tilmaamaha amniga heerka-hardware: Encryption algorithm engine dardargelinta hardware, taageeraya AES, DES, TDES, SHA1/224/256, SM1, SM3, SM4, SM7, MD5 algorithms;Sireeynta kaydinta Flash, maamulida qaybinta isticmaale badan (MMU), TRNG koronto dhaliye nambarka random dhabta ah, hawlgalka CRC16/32;Taageerida ilaalinta qorista (WRP), ilaalinta akhrinta badan (RDP) heerarka (L0/L1/L2);Taageer bilawga amniga, soo dejinta barnaamijka sirta, cusboonaysiinta amniga.
Taageerida la socodka guuldarada saacada iyo la socodka ka hortagga burburinta.
96-bit UID iyo 128-bit UCID.
Bey'ad shaqo oo aad loogu kalsoon yahay: 1.8V ~ 3.6V/-40℃ ~ 105℃.
(3) Habka warshadaha
Nidaamka elektarooniga ah ee goobta jirku wuxuu ku jiraa marxaladda hore ee koritaanka ganacsiyada shisheeye iyo kuwa gudaha labadaba.Shirkadaha ajnabiga ah sida BCM, PEPS, albaabada iyo daaqadaha, kontoroolka kursiga iyo alaabada kale ee hal-abuurka ah ayaa leh isugeyn farsamo oo qoto dheer, halka shirkadaha waaweyn ee ajnabiga ah ay leeyihiin dabool ballaaran oo ah khadadka wax soo saarka, iyaga oo u dhigaya aasaaska si ay u sameeyaan wax soo saarka nidaamka isdhexgalka. .Ganacsiyada guduhu waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin gaar ah marka loo adeegsado isticmaalka jidhka gaadhiga tamarta cusub.U soo qaado BYD tusaale ahaan, gaadhiga tamarta cusub ee BYD, aagga jidhku waxa uu u qaybsan yahay aagaha bidix iyo midig, iyo wax soo saarka nidaamka isdhexgalka ayaa dib loo habeeyaa oo la qeexaa.Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka la eego jajabyada kontoroolka aagga jirka, alaab-qeybiyaha ugu weyn ee MCU wali waa Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, ST iyo soosaarayaasha kale ee chip-yada caalamiga ah, iyo soosaarayaasha chip-ka gudaha hadda waxay leeyihiin saami suuq hoose ah.
(4) Caqabadaha warshadaha
Marka loo eego dhinaca isgaadhsiinta, waxa jira geedi socodka kobaca ee qaab dhismeedka-dhaqameed-naqshad-dhismeed-isku-dhafan - Platform-ka ugu dambeeya ee Baabuurta.Isbeddelka xawaaraha isgaadhsiinta, iyo sidoo kale hoos u dhigista qiimaha awoodda xisaabinta aasaasiga ah ee badbaadada hawleed ee sare waa furaha, waxaana suurtogal ah in si tartiib tartiib ah loo ogaado is-waafajinta hawlaha kala duwan ee heerka elektiroonigga ah ee kormeeraha aasaasiga ah mustaqbalka.Tusaale ahaan, kantaroolaha aagga jirku wuxuu isku dari karaa BCM, PEPS, iyo hawlaha ka-hortagga qanjaruufo.Marka la eego, caqabadaha farsamada ee qalabka xakamaynta aagga jirku way ka hooseeyaan aagga korantada, aagga kookaha, iwm.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, MCU-ga gudaha ee aagga jirka ee hore iyo dambe ee suuqa kor u qaadista ayaa lahaa horumar aad u wanaagsan.
Chip control-ka
Korantada, sirdoonka iyo isku xirka ayaa dardar galiyay horumarinta baabuurta elektaroonigga ah iyo naqshadaha korantada ee jihada koontaroolka domainka, iyo qolka fadhiga ayaa sidoo kale si dhakhso leh uga kobcaya nidaamka madadaalada maqalka iyo muuqaalka ee gaadhiga ilaa qolka caqliga leh.Cockpit-ka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay isdhexgalka bini'aadamka iyo kombuyuutarka, laakiin haddii ay tahay nidaamkii hore ee infotainment ama qolalka maskaxda ee hadda jira, marka lagu daro haysashada SOC awood leh oo leh xawaaraha xisaabinta, waxay sidoo kale u baahan tahay MCU-waqtiga dhabta ah si wax looga qabto. isdhexgalka xogta ee gaariga.Caannimada tartiib-tartiib ah ee baabuurta lagu qeexay software-ka, OTA iyo Autosar ee qolka fadhiga ee caqliga leh ayaa ka dhigaya shuruudaha agabka MCU-ga ee qolka fadhiga mid aad u sarreeya.Si gaar ah uga muuqatey baahida sii kordheysa ee FLASH iyo awoodda RAM, Baahida Tirinta PIN ayaa sidoo kale sii kordheysa, shaqooyinka kakan waxay u baahan yihiin awoodo fulineed oo adag, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin is-dhexgal bas oo qani ah.
(1) Shuruudaha shaqada
MCU ee aagga qolalka waxay inta badan garwaaqsataa maaraynta awoodda nidaamka, maaraynta awoodda wakhtiga, maaraynta shabakadda, ogaanshaha, isdhexgalka xogta gaadiidka, furaha, maaraynta iftiinka dambe, maaraynta moduleka DSP/FM maqalka, maaraynta wakhtiga nidaamka iyo hawlo kale.
Shuruudaha kheyraadka ee MCU:
Inta jeer ee ugu weyn iyo awoodda xisaabinta ayaa leh shuruudo gaar ah, inta jeer ee ugu weyni kama yareyso 100Mhz iyo awoodda xisaabinta oo aan ka yarayn 200DMIPS;
Meesha kaydinta Flash aan ka yarayn 1MB, oo leh koodhka Flash iyo qaybta Flash ee xogta;
RAM aan ka yarayn 128KB;
Shuruudaha heerka badbaadada shaqada ee sarreeya, waxay gaari kartaa heerka ASIL-B;
Taageerida kanaalka badan ee ADC;
Taageerida kanaalka badan ee CAN-FD;
Nidaaminta baabuurka Fasalka AEC-Q100 Fasalka1;
Taageerada cusboonaysiinta khadka tooska ah (OTA), taageerada Flash dual Bank;
SHE/HSM-iftiin iyo ka sarreeya matoorka sirta macluumaadka ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo taageero bilawga badbaadada leh;
Tirada biinanka kama yarayn 100PIN;
(2) Shuruudaha waxqabadka
IO waxay taageertaa sahay koronto oo ballaaran (5.5v ~ 2.7v), IO dekedda waxay taageertaa isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah;
Waxyaabo badan oo calaamada gelin ah ayaa isbedbeddela iyadoo loo eegayo danabka batteriga sahayda korontada, waxaana dhici karta in korontadu dhacdo.Korontada xad dhaafka ah waxay hagaajin kartaa xasilloonida nidaamka iyo isku halaynta.
Nolosha xusuusta:
Meertada nolosha baabuurka waa in ka badan 10 sano, markaa kaydinta barnaamijka MCU baabuurka iyo kaydinta xogta waxay u baahan yihiin nolol dheer.Kaydinta barnaamijka iyo kaydinta xogta waxay u baahan yihiin inay yeeshaan qaybo kala duwan oo muuqaal ah, kaydinta barnaamijka waxay u baahan tahay in la tirtiro wakhti yar, markaa adkaysi> 10k, halka kaydinta xogta loo baahan yahay in la tirtiro si isdaba joog ah, sidaas darteed waxay u baahan tahay tiro badan oo waqtiyo tirtir ah. .Tixraac tusiyaha toosh xogta Adkeysiga>100K, 15 sano (<1K).10 sano (<100k).
Isgaadhsiinta baska isgaadhsiinta;
Culayska isgaadhsiinta baska ee baabuurka ayaa kor u sii kacaya marba marka ka danbaysa, sidaa awgeed CAN-FD dhaqameedku ma dabooli karaan baahida isgaarsiinta, xawaaraha sare ee baahida baska CAN-FD ayaa kor u sii kacaysa, taageeridda CAN-FD waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotay heerka MCU .
(3) Habka warshadaha
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, saamiga MCU-ga gudaha ee caqliga leh ayaa wali ah mid aad u hooseeya, alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu waaweyna wali waa NXP, Renesas, Infineon, ST, Microchip iyo soosaarayaasha kale ee caalamiga ah ee MCU.Tiro ka mid ah soosaarayaasha gudaha ee MCU ayaa ku jiray qaabeynta, waxqabadka suuqa ayaa weli ah mid la arki doono.
(4) Caqabadaha warshadaha
Heerka nidaaminta baabuurka ee caqliga leh iyo heerka badbaadada shaqayntu aad uma sarayso, badiba sababta oo ah ururinta aqoonta sida, iyo baahida loo qabo soo cusboonaysiinta alaabta iyo hagaajinta joogtada ah.Isla mar ahaantaana, sababtoo ah ma jiraan khadadka wax soo saarka ee MCU badan ee dharka gudaha, geeddi-socodka ayaa ah mid dib u dhac ah, waxayna qaadataa wakhti wakhti si loo gaaro silsiladda sahayda wax soo saarka qaranka, waxaana laga yaabaa in kharashyo badan, iyo cadaadiska tartanka soo saarayaasha caalamiga ah ayaa ka weyn.
Codsiga qalabka xakamaynta gudaha
Xirmooyinka kontoroolka baabuurta ayaa inta badan ku saleysan MCU gaariga, shirkadaha hormuudka ka ah gudaha sida Ziguang Guowei, Huada Semiconductor, Shanghai Xinti, Zhaoyi Innovation, Jiefa Technology, Xinchi Technology, Beijing Junzheng, Shenzhen Xihua, Shanghai Qipuwei, Tignoolajiyada Qaranka, iwm. MCU-miisaanka baabuurka taxanaha alaabta, bartilmaameedka alaabada waaweyn ee dibada, oo hadda ku salaysan qaab dhismeedka ARM.Shirkadaha qaarkood ayaa sidoo kale sameeyay cilmi-baaris iyo horumarinta naqshadaha RISC-V.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, chip-ka kontoroolka baabuurta gudaha waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa suuqa rarka hore ee baabuurta, waxaana lagu dabaqay baabuurka qeybta jirka iyo qaybta macluumaadka, halka qeybta chassis-ka, domain-ka awoodda iyo qeybaha kale, ay wali ku badan tahay. Giants-ka dibadaha sida stmicroelectronics, NXP, Texas Instruments, iyo Microchip Semiconductor, iyo dhowr shirkadood oo gudaha ah ayaa xaqiiqsaday codsiyo wax soo saar ballaaran.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soo saaraha chip-ka gudaha Chipchi wuxuu sii dayn doonaa alaabada taxanaha E3 ee waxqabadka sare leh ee ku saleysan ARM Cortex-R5F Abriil 2022, oo leh heerka badbaadada shaqeynta oo gaareysa ASIL D, heerka heerkulka taageeraya AEC-Q100 Fasalka 1, inta jeer ee CPU ilaa 800MHz , oo leh ilaa 6 nooc oo CPU ah.Waa wax soo saarka ugu sarreeya ee wax soo saarka ballaaran ee hadda jira ee cabbiraadda baabuurta MCU, buuxinta farqiga u dhexeeya gudaha-dhamaadka sare ee heerka badbaadada heerka sare ee suuqa cabbiraadda baabuurta, oo leh waxqabad sare iyo kalsooni sare, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa BMS, ADAS, VCU, by -Shassis silig, qalab, HUD, muraayad dib u eegis garaadka iyo meelaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee gaariga laga hago.In ka badan 100 macaamiil ah ayaa u qaatay E3 naqshadaynta alaabta, oo ay ku jiraan GAC, Geely, iwm.
Codsiga alaabada asaasiga ah ee kantaroolaha gudaha
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-19-2023